Method for making a fiber cement plate

专利摘要:
The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for producing fiber cement boards, as well as to fiber cement boards obtainable therewith. The methods of the present invention comprise at least the steps of: (a) providing a cementitious suspension comprising fibers, (b ) continuously feeding the slurry onto an endless water permeable conveyor belt, and (c) removing excess water from the slurry through the water permeable conveyor belt to form a fiber cement board having a predetermined thickness. By using a water permeable conveyor belt to remove excess water from the fiber cement board, both the thickness and the density of the board can be fine-tuned without resulting in a springback of the board thickness at the end of the board. manufacturing process. The present invention further relates to the various applications of the fiber cement boards obtainable with the methods of the invention in the construction industry
公开号:BE1023613B1
申请号:E2016/5155
申请日:2016-03-02
公开日:2017-05-16
发明作者:Acoleyen Bertrand Van；Martin Rys
申请人:Etex Engineering Nv；Eternit Nv；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

METHOD FOR MAKING A FIBER CEMENT PLATE Field of the invention
The present invention relates to methods and devices for producing fiber cement sheets, as well as to fiber cement sheets obtainable therefrom. The present invention further relates to various applications of the fiber cement sheets, obtainable by these methods, as building materials.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The Hatschek process for the production of fiber cement sheets is well known in the art. Typically, a number of fiber cement monolayers are created by means of rotating screen drums installed one behind the other. The layers are picked up and stacked on an endless water-permeable conveyor belt to form a multi-layer fiber cement plate. The multilayer plate, which is transported in the production direction, is then brought into contact with a rotating accumulator roller, which ensures the accumulation of multiple layers of fiber cement plates. After reaching a predetermined thickness, the resulting fiber cement plate is cut, removed from the roll and placed on a conveyor. The fiber cement plate is then optionally processed and cured in a suitable manner to obtain the finished end product.
However, inherent to the Hatschek process is the fact that the resulting fiber cement plates are characterized by a low ratio of mechanical strength transversely to the longitudinal direction. The reason is that the fibers are not randomly oriented within the plates, but are mainly aligned in the longitudinal direction of the plate (also called the machine or longitudinal direction). The resulting plate is thus not isotropic and the cross-directional strength (i.e., the direction perpendicular to the machine direction, also referred to as the transverse direction) is lower than the strength in the machine direction. Higher production speeds increase the pronounced tendency of fiber orientation in the machine direction.
As an alternative to the Hatschek process, flow-on processes for the production of fiber cement sheets were developed.
However, none of these flow-on processes have succeeded in producing fiber cement products with the characteristics of (i) uniformly and homogeneously dispersing the fibers in the cementitious matrix and simultaneously (ii) having the desired density and dimensions.
For example, US 3,974,024 and US 4,194,946 describe processes for continuously preparing glass fiber reinforced cement products. In these processes, however, fibers and cement suspension are deposited on the filter tape using separate devices and in separate process steps. Subsequently, the cement suspension and the fibers as deposited on the belt are treated with a so-called "blow" device to mix the fibers with the suspension and to obtain at least some degree of homogeneous dispersion of the fibers in the cement matrix. These steps are time-consuming, labor-intensive, expensive and not very efficient.
Moreover, the known flow-on processes have been shown to have the disadvantage that the final fiber cement products do not have the desired density.
Particularly in the known processes, the step of removing water is usually carried out by means of mechanical force, such as by means of a hand press or a printing plate. However, since a hand press or printing plate is typically the cause of the entire suspension being pushed aside, only the thickness of the plate is reduced without, however, increasing the density. Such processes thus do not allow accurate adjustment or tuning of the density characteristics of the plate.
Moreover, it was observed in these processes that this reduced thickness of the produced fiber cement plate increases again upon leaving the hand press, a phenomenon also referred to as a "springback" of the thickness of the plate. The springback naturally causes difficulties in producing sheets without any damage, let alone with an accurate and predetermined thickness densities and dimensions.
In US 6,702,966, a vacuum pump with a single underpressure of about 34 kPa was used to dehydrate fiber cement products. However, the product first had to be subjected to a printing plate to sufficiently level or smoothen the surface of the freshly poured fiber cement suspension. The use of such a printing plate is not very effective for obtaining the correct density and dimensions as explained above (springback). Moreover, this pressing system is relatively complex because it must be carried out at a certain angle of inclination in order to prevent, on the one hand, the formation of bubbles in the suspension and, on the other hand, to strip the product from the tire. US 4,194,946, on the other hand, describes a process in which several suction boxes are arranged under the entire conveyor belt, which suction boxes are driven to move forward at the same speed as the conveyor belt. However, this system typically loses its accuracy when operating on an industrial scale. In fact, only the slightest difference between the speed of the conveyor belt and the suction boxes results in damaged or cracked products.
In view of the above, there remains a need for alternative and / or improved processes that can be carried out on an industrial scale for the manufacture of monolithic fiber cement plates with an accurate predetermined density and dimensions and with a uniform and homogeneous dispersion of fibers in the matrix such that a sufficient strength in all directions is guaranteed.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide methods for producing monolithic fiber cement plates with improved properties.
In this regard, the present inventors have developed a new industrial process for the preparation of monolithic fiber cement sheets with sufficient strength in all directions, with the desired density and with a predetermined length and thickness.
In particular, it was found that the continuous feeding of a cementitious fiber suspension as such, ie a cementitious suspension with fibers dispersed therein, to a production belt avoids a consistent orientation of the fibers in the cement suspension because the fibers are evenly distributed in all different directions within the cementitious suspension. The inventors have found that, by supplying a mixture of cementitious slurry that already comprises fibers, the overall strength of the resulting plate is improved over plates where cementitious slurry and fibers are supplied separately (ie by means of two or more different feeding devices), and therefore not be mixed before feeding them. In addition, it was surprisingly found that, by using a water-permeable conveyor belt for removing excess water from the fiber cement plate, both the thickness and the density of the plate can be accurately adjusted, without this leading to a springback of the thickness of the plate at the end of the production process.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides methods for the production of fiber cement sheets, comprising at least the steps of: (a) providing a cementitious suspension comprising fibers, (b) continuously supplying the suspension on an endless water-permeable conveyor belt, ( c) removing excess water from the slurry through the water permeable conveyor belt to form a fiber cement plate with a predetermined thickness.
In specific embodiments, the present invention provides methods for producing fiber cement sheets, comprising at least the steps of: (a) providing a cementitious suspension comprising fibers by mixing together a cementitious suspension with fibers with a mixing device in a container, ( b) continuously feeding the suspension on an endless water-permeable conveyor belt, (c) removing excess water from the suspension through said water-permeable conveyor belt to form a fiber cement plate with a predetermined thickness.
In specific embodiments of the methods according to the invention, the fibers have a length between approximately 0.2 mm and approximately 10 mm, preferably between approximately 0.5 mm and approximately 10 mm, more preferably between approximately 0.5 mm and 5 mm , most preferably between 0.5 mm and about 4.5 mm.
In further specific embodiments of the methods of the invention, the fibers are cellulose fibers.
In certain specific embodiments of the methods of the invention, the fibers are hardwood cellulose fibers with a length of between about 0.5 mm and about 3.0 mm. In further specific embodiments, the fibers are softwood cellulose fibers with a length of between about 2 mm and about 4.5 mm. In yet other specific embodiments, the fibers are a mixture of different types of cellulose fibers with a length of between about 0.5 mm and about 4.5 mm.
In certain particular embodiments, the step of removing excess water from the suspension through the water-permeable conveyor belt is carried out by suction. In yet other specific embodiments, the excess water removal step takes place by suction through the water-permeable conveyor belt in at least three consecutive zones with different underpressures. In specific embodiments, the underpressure in a first of the zones can vary between about 15 and about 65 mbar. In further specific embodiments, the underpressure in a second of the zones can vary between approximately 65 and approximately 200 mbar. In still other specific embodiments, the underpressure in a third of the zones can vary between approximately 200 and approximately 550 mbar. In still other specific embodiments, the negative pressure in a first of these zones varies between approximately 15 and approximately 65 mbar and / or the negative pressure in a second of this zone varies between approximately 65 and approximately 200 mbar and / or negative pressure in a third of this zone varies between approximately 200 and approximately 550 mbar. In yet other specific embodiments, the underpressure in a first of the zones varies between approximately 15 and approximately 65 mbar and varies in a second of the zones between approximately 65 and approximately 200 mbar and in a third of the zones varies between approximately 200 to approximately 550 mbar. In yet other specific embodiments of the methods of the invention, the newly deposited fiber cement suspension layer is first subjected to a first zone on the water-permeable conveyor belt, which is characterized by an underpressure between about 15 and about 65 mbar, and then subjected to a second zone on the water-permeable conveyor belt, characterized by an underpressure between about 65 and about 200 mbar, and finally subjected to a third zone on the water-permeable conveyor belt characterized by an underpressure between about 200 and about 550 mbar, in this particular order.
The present inventors have found that, by subjecting the product in preparation to this specific combination of consecutive zones with increasing underpressures, an optimum dewatering of the fiber cement plate can be achieved. In fact, if the fiber cement suspension layer is subjected to only one underpressure zone, the underpressure is either too low to have an optimum dewatering effect, or too high, which typically causes undesired cracks, bubbles and creases in the fiber cement plate. The inventors have now found that, by forming a gradient of increasing underpressure, the product is slowly and carefully exposed to an increasing underpressure, thereby avoiding damage to the end product, while still having sufficient dewatering.
It will be understood that the methods of the invention will also have the same beneficial effects when more than three consecutive underpressure zones are used, as long as the underpressures rise in the machine direction (i.e., production direction), thereby ensuring that the product is gradually subjected to a low vacuum (ie at least 20 mbar) to a high vacuum (ie up to 900 mbar).
In further specific embodiments, the step of removing excess water from the suspension through the water-permeable conveyor belt is additionally performed by applying a mechanical force. In yet other specific embodiments, the step of removing excess water from the suspension by said water-permeable conveyor belt is additionally performed by applying mechanical force by means of one or more mechanical hand presses, such as but not limited to at least one, such as, for example, one mechanical hand press.
In specific embodiments, the methods of the invention further include the step of spraying a hydrophobic substance onto the supplied fiber cement slurry and / or onto the resulting fiber cement plate.
In specific embodiments, the step of continuously supplying the fiber cement suspension on an endless water-permeable conveyor belt is carried out by means of one or more flow-on distribution devices via which the suspension is continuously supplied to the belt.
In more particular embodiments, the step of continuously supplying the fiber cement suspension on an endless water-permeable conveyor belt is carried out by means of one or more splash distribution devices, via which the suspension is splashed continuously and randomly on the belt.
In yet other specific embodiments, the step of continuously supplying the fiber cement suspension on an endless water-permeable conveyor belt is carried out by means of one or more spray distributing devices, via which the suspension is sprayed continuously and randomly onto the belt.
In specific embodiments of the methods of the invention, the amount of cementitious fiber slurry supplied on the water-permeable conveyor belt is controlled.
In more specific embodiments of the methods of the invention, the predetermined thickness of the dewatered fiber cement plate varies between about 8 mm and about 200 mm.
In specific embodiments, the methods of the invention further include the step of cutting the fiber cement layer obtained in step (c) to a predetermined length to form a fiber cement plate with a predetermined thickness and a predetermined length.
In specific embodiments, the methods of the invention further include the step of curing the obtained fiber cement plate.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides fiber cement products such as fiber cement sheets obtainable by the methods of the invention.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides devices for the continuous production of fiber cement plates comprising at least: (i) one or more fiber cement suspension distribution devices, each of which is connected to a fiber cement source for continuously supplying a fiber cement suspension on an endless water permeable conveyor belt, and (ii) an endless water-permeable conveyor belt on which the suspension is supplied.
In specific embodiments, the devices of the present invention comprise at least the following steps: (i) one or more mixing devices comprising at least one mixing device and a container for mixing a cementitious suspension with fibers to obtain a fiber cement suspension; (ii) one or more fiber cement suspension dispensers, each connected to a fiber cement source for continuously supplying a fiber cement suspension on an endless water-permeable conveyor belt, and (iii) an endless water-permeable conveyor belt on which the fiber cement suspension is supplied.
In specific embodiments, the devices according to the present invention comprise at least: (i) one or more distribution devices connected to a fiber cement source for continuously supplying a fiber cement suspension on an endless water-permeable conveyor belt, (ii) an endless water-permeable conveyor belt on which the fiber cement suspension is supplied, and (iii) one or more dewatering devices installed adjacent to, or near, the water permeable belt to achieve, facilitate, and / or accelerate the removal of excess water from the fiber cement slurry to form a fiber cement plate of a predetermined thickness.
In further specific embodiments, the devices of the present invention comprise at least: (i) one or more mixing devices comprising at least one mixing device and a container for mixing a cementitious suspension with fibers to obtain a fiber cement suspension; (ii) one or more distribution devices connected to said one or more mixing devices for continuously supplying a fiber cement suspension on an endless water-permeable conveyor belt, (ii) an endless water-permeable conveyor belt on which the fiber cement suspension is supplied, and (iii) one or more dewatering devices installed in addition to, or near, the water-permeable belt to achieve, facilitate and / or accelerate the removal of excess water from the fiber cement slurry, thereby forming a fiber cement plate of a predetermined thickness.
In further specific embodiments, the one or more dewatering devices, installed next to or near the water permeable belt, are selected from the group consisting of one or more mechanical hand presses and one or more vacuum pumps. In still other specific embodiments, the one or more dewatering devices, installed next to or near the water permeable belt, are one or more mechanical hand presses and one or more vacuum pumps, wherein each dewatering device can be installed in any configuration or order relative to another dewatering device. In more specific embodiments, the one or more dewatering devices, installed next to or near the water permeable belt, are at least one mechanical hand press and at least three vacuum pumps, wherein each dewatering device can be installed in any configuration or order relative to another dewatering device.
In yet other specific embodiments, said one or more dewatering devices may be installed adjacent to or adjacent to the water permeable belt in the following sequential order looking in the machine direction (which is the same as the direction in which the conveyor belt moves and which is the same as the production direction starting at the machine direction). fresh fiber cement suspension layer and going to the final fiber cement plate): (i) at least three vacuum pumps with increasing underpressure, thereby forming a first zone on the water-permeable conveyor belt characterized by an underpressure between about 15 and about 65 mbar, and then a second zone on the water-permeable conveyor belt, which is characterized by an underpressure between approximately 65 and approximately 200 mbar, and finally a third zone on the water-permeable conveyor belt, which is characterized by an underpressure between approximately 200 and approximately 550 mbar, and (ii) a mechanical hand press or printing plate . In further specific embodiments, a fourth vacuum pump can be installed after the third vacuum pump and before the mechanical press or pressure plate, forming a fourth zone characterized by an underpressure between approximately 550 and approximately 850 mbar.
In alternative specific embodiments, said one or more dewatering devices can be installed next to or near the water permeable belt in the following sequential order looking in the machine direction: (i) a mechanical hand press or printing plate, and (ii) at least three vacuum pumps with increasing underpressure, thereby a first zone is formed on the water-permeable conveyor belt, which is characterized by an underpressure between about 15 and about 65 mbar, and then a second zone on the water-permeable conveyor belt, which is characterized by an underpressure between about 65 and about 200 mbar, and finally a third zone on the water-permeable conveyor belt, which is characterized by an underpressure between approximately 200 and approximately 550 mbar. In further specific embodiments, a fourth vacuum pump can be installed after the third vacuum pump, thereby forming a fourth zone, which is characterized by an underpressure between approximately 550 and approximately 850 mbar.
In yet other specific embodiments, said one or more dewatering devices can be installed next to or near the water-permeable belt one above the other, i.e. a mechanical hand press or printing plate can be placed above the water-permeable conveyor belt in a certain zone, looking in the machine direction, and at least three vacuum pumps with increasing negative pressure can be installed under the water permeable conveyor belt in the same area or at least in a zone that overlaps the same zone, a first vacuum pump creating a negative pressure between about 15 and about 65 mbar, and then a second vacuum pump creating a negative pressure between about 65 and about 200 mbar, and finally a third vacuum pump creates an underpressure between about 200 and about 550 mbar, looking in the machine direction. In further specific embodiments, a fourth vacuum pump can be installed after the third vacuum pump, creating an underpressure between approximately 550 and approximately 850 mbar. In this configuration, the mechanical press or pressure plate and the vacuum pumps operate in the same zone or in overlapping zones of the water-permeable conveyor belt. In further specific embodiments, a fourth vacuum pump can be installed after the third vacuum pump, thereby creating a fourth zone, which is characterized by an underpressure between approximately 550 and approximately 850 mbar.
In further specific embodiments, the one or more fiber cement distribution systems can be selected from the group consisting of one or more flow-on distribution devices via which the suspension is continuously supplied to the belt, one or more splash distribution devices, via which the suspension is continuously and randomly splashed on the belt and one or more spray systems, through which the suspension is sprayed continuously and randomly onto the belt. In still other specific embodiments, the one or more suspension distribution devices are one or more flow-on systems via which the fiber cement suspension is continuously supplied to the belt and one or more splash systems, via which the suspension is continuously and randomly splashed onto the belt and one or more spraying systems, through which the suspension is sprayed continuously and randomly on the belt. In still other specific embodiments, the one or more distribution devices are one or more flow-on systems, via which the suspension is continuously supplied to the belt and / or one or more splash distribution systems, via which the suspension is splashed continuously and randomly on the belt and / or one or more spray systems, through which the suspension is sprayed continuously and randomly on the belt. In more specific embodiments, the one or more suspension distribution devices are one or more flow-on systems, via which the suspension is continuously supplied to the belt.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides applications of the fiber cement products and sheets obtainable by the methods of the present invention in the building industry. In specific embodiments, the fiber cement plates produced by the methods of the present invention can be used to provide an outer surface to walls, both internally and externally in a building or structure, e.g. as a façade panel, cladding, etc.
The independent and dependent claims show particular and preferred features of the invention. Features of the dependent claims can be combined with features of the independent or other dependent claims, and / or with features given in the above description and / or hereafter, if applicable.
The above and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention. This description is only given by way of example, without limiting the scope of the invention. The reference numbers given below and given below refer to the accompanying drawings.
Brief description of the drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic view of a device for performing the methods as described herein according to one specific embodiment of the invention, wherein the fiber cement suspension is supplied using a flow-on distributor and wherein the excess water removal step is performed is successively followed by mechanical pressure with suction.
Figure 2 is a schematic view of a device for performing the methods as described herein according to a specific embodiment of the invention, wherein the fiber cement suspension is supplied with the aid of a flow-on distribution device and wherein the step of removing excess water is carried out is simultaneously by means of suction and mechanical pressure.
Figure 3 is a schematic view of a device for performing the methods as described herein according to a specific embodiment of the invention, wherein the fiber cement suspension is supplied with a flow-on distributor and wherein the step of removing excess water is first performed by means of suction and subsequently carried out via a combination of suction and mechanical pressure.
Figure 4 is a schematic view of a device for performing the methods as described herein according to a specific embodiment of the invention, wherein the fiber cement suspension is supplied via a spatter distribution device and wherein the step of removing excess water is successively performed by suction followed by mechanical pressure.
Figure 5 is a schematic view of a device for performing the methods as described herein according to a specific embodiment of the invention, wherein the fiber cement suspension is supplied using a spraying device and wherein the step of removing excess water is successively carried out by extraction followed by mechanical pressure.
Figure 6 is a schematic view of a device for performing the methods as described herein according to a specific embodiment of the invention, wherein two different compositions of fiber cement suspension are supplied at two different positions on the belt using a flow-on and splash dispenser, respectively, and wherein the excess water removal step is successively performed by suction, followed by mechanical pressure, respectively.
The same reference numerals refer to the same, similar or analogous elements in the different figures. 1 Water-permeable conveyor belt 2 Mechanical press 3 Vacuum boxes with increasing underpressure in the machine direction (see arrow) 4 Flow-on distributor for fiber cement 5 Flow of fiber cement suspension 6 Spatter distributor for fiber cement suspension 7 Splash distribution device for fiber cement 9 Spray of fiber cement suspension 10 Arrow showing the machine direction indicates (ie the direction in which fiber cement sheets are produced) 11 Vacuum pumps
Description of the exemplary embodiments
The present invention will be described with reference to specific embodiments.
It is to be noted that the term "comprising" used in the claims is not to be construed as being limited to the means listed thereafter; it does not exclude other elements or steps. It must therefore be interpreted as referring to the presence of the said characteristics, steps or components referred to, but it does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other characteristics, steps or components, or groups thereof. Thus, the scope of the term "a device comprising means A and B" should not be limited to devices that consist only of components A and B. It means that with regard to the present invention, the only relevant components of the device are A and B.
Throughout this description, references to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" are made. Such references indicate that a particular feature described with respect to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus appearances of the terms "in one embodiment" or "an embodiment" at different places in this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, although this is possible. Furthermore, the particular features or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments, as will be apparent to one skilled in the art.
The following terms are intended solely to assist in the understanding of the invention.
As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include both singular and plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
The terms "comprising", "comprises" and "consisting of" as used herein are synonymous with "contain", "contains" or "containing", "contains", and are inclusive and open-ended and do not include additional, non -named members, elements or process steps.
The naming of numerical ranges by end points includes all numbers and fractions that fall within the respective ranges, as well as the aforementioned end points.
The term "about" as used herein when referring to a measurable value such as a parameter, an amount, a duration, and the like, is intended to cover variations of +/- 10% or less, preferably +/- 5% or less comprising, preferably, +/- 1% or less, and even more preferably, +/- 0.1% or less of the specified value, to the extent such variations are suitable to operate in the described invention. It will be understood that the value to which the term "approximately" refers is also specific and preferably described in itself.
The terms "cementitious (fiber) suspension", "(fiber) cement suspension", "cementitious fiber suspension" or "fiber cement suspension" as referred to herein generally refer to suspensions comprising at least water, fibers and cement. The fiber cement suspension as used in the context of the present invention may also include further other components such as, but not limited to, limestone, chalk, lime, slaked or hydrated lime, crushed sand, quartz sand powder, quartz powder, amorphous silica, condensed silica vapor, microsilica , metakaolin, wollastonite, mica, perlite, vermiculite, aluminum hydroxide, pigments, antifoams, flocculants, and other additives. "Fiber (s)" present in the fiber cement suspension as described herein may be, for example, process fibers and / or reinforcing fibers that are both organic fibers (typically cellulose fibers) or synthetic fibers (polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polyamide, polyester, polycarbonate, etc. .) can be. For example, "cement" present in the fiber cement slurry as described herein may be, but is not limited to, Portland cement, high alumina cement, iron Portland tracement, slag cement, gypsum, calcium silicates formed by autoclave treatment and combinations of specific binders. In more specific embodiments, the cement in the products of the invention is Portland cement.
The term "water-permeable" as used herein to refer to a water-permeable (area of a) conveyor belt generally means that the material from which the water-permeable (area of the) belt is made allows water to flow through its structure to some extent.
The "water permeability" as used herein to refer to the water permeability of a (area of a) conveyor belt refers to the degree or degree to which the material from which the water permeable (area of the) belt is made allows water to flow through its structure. Suitable materials for water-permeable conveyor belts are known to those skilled in the art, such as, but not limited to, felting.
The terms "predetermined" and "predefined" as used herein to refer to one or more parameters or properties generally mean that the desired value (s) of these parameters or properties have been determined or predefined, ie before the start of the process for producing the products characterized by one or more of these parameters or properties.
A "(fiber cement) plate" or "fiber cement plate" or "plate" as used interchangeably herein, and also referred to as a panel or plate, is to be understood as a flat, usually rectangular element, a fiber cement panel or fiber cement plate that provides The panel or plate has two main surfaces or surfaces, being the surfaces with the largest surface area.The plate can be used to provide an outer surface to walls, both internally and externally in a building or structure, e.g. façade panel, cladding, etc.
The invention will now be further explained with reference to various embodiments. It will be understood that each embodiment is provided by way of example and is by no means limitative of the scope of the invention. In this regard, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment may be used in another embodiment to provide a still further embodiment. Thus, the present invention is intended to cover such modifications and variations as included within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
The present invention provides methods for the production of fiber cement sheets with improved structural, physical and mechanical properties. In the methods for producing fiber cement plates according to the present invention, the various starting component materials are typically mixed, cured and / or otherwise processed according to any standard method that is well known in the art.
However, the present inventors have found that by using one or more fiber cement distribution systems for the continuous and random delivery of premixed cementitious fiber slurry (as defined herein) directly to the production belt, a random orientation of fibers in the cement slurry is achieved, achieving overall strength of the resulting fiber cement plate. In particular, it was found that the continuous feeding of a cementitious fiber suspension as such, i.e. a cementitious suspension with fibers dispersed therein, avoids a consistent orientation of the fibers in the cement suspension on a production belt because the fibers are evenly distributed in all different directions within the cementitious suspension. The inventors have found that by supplying a mixture of cementitious slurry that already comprises fibers, the overall strength of the resulting plate is improved over plates where cementitious slurry and fibers are supplied separately (ie by means of two or more different feeders) ) and therefore not be mixed before being supplied.
In addition and more importantly, introducing the step of dewatering the supplied fiber cement layer by using a water-permeable conveyor belt makes it possible to accurately adjust both the thickness and the density of the plate.
More specifically, the present inventors have found that, by subjecting the product in preparation to a specific combination of successive zones on the water-permeable conveyor belt, which zones are characterized by an increase in the underpressure, optimum dewatering of the fiber cement plate can be achieved to become. In fact, if the fiber cement suspension layer is subjected to only one underpressure zone, the underpressure is either too low to have an optimum dewatering effect, or too high, which typically causes undesired cracks, bubbles and wrinkles in the fiber cement plate. The inventors have now found that by creating a gradient of increasing underpressure, damage to the end product is avoided, while still allowing sufficient dewatering.
Thus, in a first aspect, the methods of the present invention comprise at least the following steps: (a) providing a cementitious suspension comprising fibers, (b) continuously feeding the suspension on an endless water-permeable conveyor belt, (c) removing of excess water from the slurry through the water permeable conveyor belt to form a fiber cement plate with a predetermined thickness.
The first step of providing a fiber cement suspension (as defined herein) can be performed according to any method known in the art for preparing fiber cement suspensions, consisting essentially of at least water, cement, and fibers.
In specific embodiments of the present invention, the fiber cement suspension may be provided by one or more sources of at least cement, water, and fibers.
In certain specific embodiments, these are one or more sources of at least cement, water, and fibers operably connected to a continuous mixer, constructed to form a cementitious fiber cement suspension.
In certain specific embodiments, the cementitious fiber suspension is formed by assembling in a container, a vessel or a container of at least water, cement and fibers and mixing these ingredients in the container, vessel or container with a continuous mixer such that the fibers uniformly and homogeneously dispersed within the liquid cementitious suspension.
In specific embodiments when using cellulose fibers or the equivalent of waste paper fibers, a minimum of about 2% by weight, such as at least about 3% by weight, such as at least about 4% by weight of these cellulose fibers (compared to the total initial dry weight of the suspension). In further specific embodiments, when only cellulose fibers are used, between about 4% and about 12% by weight, such as more particularly between about 7% and about 10% by weight of these cellulose fibers (as compared to the total initial dry weight of the suspension). If cellulose fibers are replaced by short mineral fibers such as rock wool, it is very advantageous to replace them in a ratio of 1.5 to 3 times the weight, in order to maintain approximately the same amount per volume. In long and cut fibers, such as glass fiber bundles or synthetic high-modulus fibers, such as polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polycarbonate or acrylonitrile fibers, the ratio may be lower than the proportion of the replaced cellulose fibers. The fineness of the fibers (measured in Shopper-Riegler degrees) is in principle not critical to the methods of the invention. But in certain embodiments, when considering autoclave-cured fiber cement products, it has been found that a range between about 15 DEG SR and about 45 DEG SR can be particularly advantageous for the methods of the invention. In alternative embodiments where air-cured fiber cement products are contemplated, it has been found that a range between about 35 DEG SR and about 75 DEG SR can be particularly advantageous for the methods of the invention.
The second step of continuously feeding the fiber cement slurry onto an endless water permeable belt can be performed by any method known in the art, as long as the fiber cement slurry is supplied in a manner that does not induce or cause any preferential orientation of the fibers in the slurry. Indeed, it is an object of the present invention to provide methods for producing fiber cement sheets that have improved strength, which can be achieved in particular by a random orientation of the fibers throughout the fiber cement structure.
In this regard, the present inventors have developed a new industrial process for the production of monolithic fiber cement sheets of sufficient strength in all directions, and moreover with the desired density and with a predetermined length and thickness.
In particular, it was found that the continuous feeding of a cementitious fiber suspension as such to a production belt avoids the consistent orientation of the fibers in the cement suspension and improves the overall strength of the resulting plate.
In certain specific non-limiting embodiments, the step of continuously feeding the fiber cement suspension to the belt can be performed by producing a stream of cement suspension on the conveyor belt using one or more flow-on manifolds. Such flow-on devices have at least one outlet, through which the suspension can flow continuously onto the conveyor belt. In specific embodiments, the one or more outlets of the device are circular or rectangular in shape. In certain specific embodiments, the flow-on devices further comprise one or more inlets which are directly or indirectly operatively connected to a source of fiber cement suspension. Fiber cement suspension sources can be, for example, but are not limited to, one or more continuous fiber cement delivery systems or one or more continuous mixing devices, constructed to form a cementitious fiber cement suspension, and means for indirectly or directly supplying the suspension to one or more dosing devices.
In still other specific embodiments, the length of the one or more flow-on devices for the continuous supply of the cementitious slurry is at least 2.5 times the total width of the one or more inlets, such as at least 3.0 times, in in particular at least 3.5 times, such as at least 4.0 times, for example at least 4.5 times or even at least 5.0 times the total width of the one or more inlets.
In certain specific embodiments, the one or more flow-on distribution devices comprise at least a part with continuously moving walls. In further specific embodiments, the one or more distribution devices are divided internally by inner walls, either in only certain parts of the interior space of the device or over the entire interior space of the device.
In certain further specific embodiments, the step of continuously supplying the fiber cement suspension to the belt can be performed by at least one distribution device that spatters or sprays or sprays (drops of) fiber cement suspension onto the conveyor belt continuously and randomly.
In these special embodiments, the step of continuously supplying the fiber cement suspension to the belt can be carried out via one or more stirred brushing systems, which splashes continuously and randomly (drops of) fiber cement suspension onto the conveyor belt.
According to these specific embodiments, one or more agitated brush-like devices, such as bristle-like devices, are partially or fully in contact with the fiber cement suspension provided by one or more sources of fiber cement suspension. In this way, drops of fiber cement suspension adhere and are picked up by the bristles of the one or more brush-like devices. By movement of the one or more brush-like devices, the drops of fiber cement suspension are supplied from the different bristles of the one or more brush-like devices on the conveyor belt. Thus, according to these specific embodiments, multiple bristles are used in a brush-like configuration, which is moved (e.g., rotated, vibrated, etc.) to throw small drops of the fiber cement suspension from the supply source to the conveyor. Such manifolds may have a brush shape (such as a bristle shape) in a roll or cylindrical shape, or in a brush shape (such as a bristle shape) in an upright row which, when moved, grains or drops of fiber cement suspension from the bristles edge on the conveyor belt throws.
In still other specific embodiments, the step of continuously feeding the fiber cement suspension to the belt can be performed via one or more spraying systems, which spray continuously and randomly (drops of) fiber cement suspension provided by one or more sources of fiber cement suspension onto the conveyor belt. Characteristics of spray devices suitable for use with the present invention are not critical to the present invention as long as these devices are configured to feed fiber cement suspension drops from an atomizer or other device (portion) onto the conveyor. The spraying devices for use in the present invention are known to those skilled in the art and can be developed using routine techniques.
In still other specific embodiments, the step of continuously supplying the fiber cement suspension to the conveyor can be performed via any suitable combination of one or more distribution systems as described herein.
In specific embodiments, the step of continuously supplying the fiber cement suspension to the belt can thus be successively performed by one or more flow-on distributors, continuously producing a fiber cement suspension stream, and / or one or more distributors, continuously and randomly (drops ) splashing or spraying fiber cement suspension on the conveyor belt.
As a non-limiting example of these embodiments, the step of continuously feeding the fiber cement slurry to the belt may be successively performed by one or more flow-on distributors, which continuously and randomly produce a stream of cement slurry on the conveyor, and / or one or more spatter distribution systems and / or one or more spray distribution devices that splash and / or spray continuously and randomly (drops of) fiber cement suspension on the conveyor belt.
In certain specific embodiments, the step of continuously feeding the fiber cement suspension to the belt can be successively performed by continuously and randomly producing a stream of cement suspension on the conveyor belt by means of one or more flow-on dosing devices, followed by continuous and random splashing (drops of) fiber cement suspension on the conveyor belt by means of one or more splash distribution systems. It will be clear that these specific embodiments can also be performed by the step of supplying fiber cement suspension by first continuously and randomly splashing (drops of) fiber cement suspension on the conveyor belt using one or more spatter distribution systems, and then continuously and randomly producing a flow of cement suspension on the conveyor belt through the use of one or more flow-on distributors.
In certain other specific embodiments, the step of continuously feeding the fiber cement suspension to the belt can be performed sequentially by continuously and randomly producing a stream of cement suspension on the conveyor belt by means of one or more flow-on distributors, followed by the continuous and random spraying of (drops of) fiber cement suspension on the conveyor belt by means of one or more spraying systems. It will be clear that in these specific embodiments the step of supplying fiber cement suspension can also be carried out by first continuously and randomly spraying (drops of) fiber cement suspension on the conveyor belt using one or more spraying systems, and then producing continuously and randomly a stream of cement suspension on the conveyor belt using one or more flow-on dosing devices.
In further specific embodiments, the step of continuously feeding the fiber cement suspension to the belt can be sequentially performed by continuously and randomly producing a stream of cement suspension on the conveyor belt by means of one or more flow-on distributors, followed by the continuous and random splashing (drops) of fiber cement suspension on the conveyor belt by means of one or more spatter distribution systems, further followed by continuous and random spraying of (drops of) fiber cement suspension on the conveyor belt by means of one or more spraying systems.
It will be appreciated that in these specific embodiments, the step of supplying fiber cement suspension may also be performed sequentially by producing a stream of cement suspension on the conveyor belt by means of one or more flow-on dispensers, followed by continuous and random spraying. of (drops of) fiber cement suspension on the conveyor belt by means of one or more spraying systems, further followed by the continuous and random splashing of (drops of) fiber cement suspension on the conveyor belt by means of one or more splash distribution systems.
Alternatively, in these specific embodiments, the step of supplying fiber cement suspension can also be performed by first continuously and randomly spraying (drops of) fiber cement suspension on the conveyor using one or more spraying systems, and then continuously and randomly either (i) first producing a flow of cement suspension on the conveyor belt with the aid of one or more flow-on distribution devices and then the continuous and random splashing of (drops of) fiber cement suspension on the conveyor belt with the aid of one or more spatter distribution systems, or (ii) first continuously and random splashing of (drops of) fiber cement suspension on the conveyor belt with the aid of one or more spatter distribution systems and the production of a stream of cement suspension on the conveyor belt with the aid of one or more flow-on distribution devices.
In yet another alternative scenario according to these specific embodiments, the step of supplying fiber cement suspension can also be carried out by first continuously and randomly splashing (drops of) fiber cement suspension on the conveyor using one or more spatter distribution systems, and then continuously and randomly either ( i) first producing a flow of cement suspension on the conveyor belt by one or more flow-on distributors and then spraying (drops of) fiber cement suspension on the conveyor belt continuously and randomly using one or more spraying systems or (ii) the first continuously and randomly spraying (drops of) fiber cement suspension on the conveyor belt with the aid of one or more spraying systems and subsequently producing a stream of cement suspension on the conveyor belt with the aid of one or more flow-on distribution devices.
In the methods of the present invention, to obtain a fiber cement plate with predetermined dimensions (ie thickness, length) and density, the amount of cementitious slurry supplied on the water-permeable conveyor belt is checked per unit time but will depend on other parameters such as the type and predetermined dimensions of the end product to be made and the specific composition of the fiber cement suspension. It will be appreciated that the amount of cementitious slurry to be supplied on the water-permeable conveyor per unit time to obtain a particular fiber cement product can be determined by those skilled in the art using routine techniques.
In specific embodiments, the one or more distribution systems, as described herein, can be used in the methods of the invention for supplying fiber cement suspension on a water-permeable conveyor belt. In further specific embodiments, the one or more distribution systems as described herein can be used in the methods of the invention to supply either one or more of the same fiber cement suspension compositions or one or more different fiber cement suspension compositions. In further specific embodiments, the one or more distribution systems, as described herein, can be used in the methods of the invention to attach one or more of the same fiber cement compositions and / or one or more different fiber cement compositions and / or one or more additional compositions other than fiber cement suspension compositions. to feed.
In specific embodiments, in these methods wherein the step of supplying the fiber cement suspension is performed by successive use of at least two or more distribution systems, as described herein, the resulting fiber cement plate can be two-layer or multi-layer, respectively.
In specific embodiments, in these methods wherein the step of supplying the fiber cement suspension is performed by successive use of at least two distribution systems, each of which distributes the same fiber cement composition, the resulting fiber cement plate will comprise at least two layers of the same fiber cement composition.
In other more specific embodiments, in these methods wherein the step of supplying the fiber cement suspension is performed by successive use of at least two distribution systems that each distribute a different fiber cement composition, the resulting fiber cement plate will comprise at least two layers of a different fiber cement composition.
In still other specific embodiments, in these methods wherein the step of supplying the fiber cement suspension is performed by the successive use of at least two distribution systems that each respectively distribute a fiber cement composition and a composition other than a fiber cement composition, the resulting fiber cement plate will have at least one layer of fiber cement composition and at least one layer of a composition other than a fiber cement composition.
In even more specific embodiments, in these methods wherein the step of supplying the fiber cement suspension is performed by the successive use of at least three distribution systems, each of which is a first fiber cement composition, a second fiber composition, which is the same or different from the first, respectively and distributing a composition other than a fiber cement composition, the resulting fiber cement plate will comprise at least two layers of fiber cement composition, which are either the same or different from each other, and at least one layer of a composition other than a fiber cement composition.
In this way, by using two or more sequentially installed distribution systems as described herein, fiber cement plates comprising two or more layers, each layer having a certain composition that can be predetermined, can be prepared by the methods of the invention.
The methods of the present invention include at least the step of continuously feeding the suspension on an endless water permeable (as defined herein) conveyor belt.
In specific embodiments, the fiber cement suspension, after its introduction, can optionally be treated in various ways. For example, the fiber cement suspension can be compressed by mechanical means, such as by a (cylindrical) hand press, to obtain a flat layer of fiber cement suspension. Alternatively or additionally, the fiber cement suspension can be treated with various means to improve or change its structure or properties. For example, the fiber cement suspension can be treated with a hydrophobic agent before being placed on the water-permeable conveyor belt.
The water-permeable belt for use in the present invention can be made of any water-permeable material suitable for conveyor belts as is generally known to those skilled in the art, provided that this material cannot be affected, damaged or damaged (e.g. by corrosion) after contact with a fiber cement suspension composition. .
Suitable materials for water-permeable conveyor belts for use in the present invention are known to those skilled in the art and are, for example, but not limited to, felt.
In specific embodiments, the water-permeable belt as used herein is an endless belt that is completely water-permeable, i.e., water-permeable over its entire surface.
In other specific embodiments, the water-permeable belt as used herein is an endless belt that is partially water-permeable, i.e., water-permeable on one or more areas of the belt surface.
In still other specific embodiments, the water-permeable belt as used herein represents one or more endless bands, placed in a sequential arrangement, each of the one or more bands being partially or fully water-permeable, ie, water-permeable on their entire surface or on one or more specific areas of their surface.
In the methods of the present invention, the fiber cement suspension is continuously supplied through one or more dosing systems (as described herein), either directly or indirectly, on a water-permeable conveyor belt.
Thus, in specific embodiments of the present invention, the fiber cement suspension is supplied through one or more dosing systems directly on the surface of a water-permeable conveyor belt.
In other specific embodiments, the fiber cement suspension is supplied through one or more dosing systems indirectly on a water-permeable conveyor belt. In these particular embodiments, the fiber cement suspension is first supplied by one or more distribution systems on a surface, other than a water-permeable conveyor belt, such as, for example, but not limited to, a conveyor belt that is not water-permeable, and then only further transported, deposited, or applied to a water-permeable conveyor belt.
The methods of the present invention further include at least the step of removing excess water from the slurry through a water permeable conveyor belt to form a fiber cement plate with a predetermined thickness and / or with a predetermined density.
In the known methods for producing fiber cement plates, the step of evacuating water from the suspension typically results in plates of different sizes. Indeed, these known methods lack the ability to accurately predetermine or predefine the thickness and density characteristics of the sheet being produced.
The present inventors have now found that by removing excess water from the fiber cement plate through a water-permeable conveyor belt, both the thickness and density of the plate can be accurately matched.
The removal of excess water from the fiber cement plate through a water permeable transport can be carried out by simply supplying or placing the fiber cement suspension on the water permeable belt for a certain period of time, after which the water will flow down from the fiber cement structure and then through the water permeable structure tire will pass under the influence of gravity.
In certain specific embodiments, to further achieve, accelerate or facilitate the step of removing the excess water from the fiber cement suspension, additional or alternative forces may be applied.
In specific embodiments, mechanical forces can be used to compress the fiber cement slurry, thus compressing the water from the pores and passageways in the fiber cement structure and thereby increasing its density. Mechanical forces can be exerted by the use in principle of any means suitable and known to those skilled in the art. For example, a mechanical hand press, for example a flat, cubic, cylindrical, etc. mechanical hand press can be used to remove excess water from the fiber cement suspension. By allowing the excess water to escape through a water-permeable conveyor belt, not only the thickness but also the density of the fiber cement product can be adjusted. The fiber cement suspension can in principle be compressed against the water permeable belt in any possible direction (i.e., up, down, left, right, etc.). However, in specific embodiments, the fiber cement slurry is compressed against the surface of the water-permeable belt in the vertical downward direction, i.e., substantially in the same direction as that of gravity.
In alternative or additional specific embodiments, physical forces can be used to remove the excess water from the pores and channels in the fiber cement structure and thereby increase its density. For example, in certain particular embodiments, suction may be used to remove the excess water from the pores and channels in the fiber cement structure and thereby increase its density. For example, one or more vacuum pumps can be used to remove the excess water from the fiber cement suspension via suction. Again, in such embodiments, the fiber cement slurry can in principle be compressed against the water permeable belt in any possible direction (i.e., up, down, left, right, etc.).
In specific embodiments, however, the fiber cement slurry is squeezed against the surface of the water-permeable belt in the vertical downward direction, i.e., substantially the same direction as that of gravity.
In further specific embodiments, both mechanical and physical forces can be used to remove the excess water from the fiber cement structure thereby increasing its density. For example, in certain specific embodiments, both mechanical pressing and suction can be used to remove the excess water from the fiber cement structure. For example, one or more mechanical presses and one or more vacuum pumps may successively, simultaneously or in combination, be used to remove the excess water from the fiber cement suspension. In such embodiments, the fiber cement slurry can in principle be compressed and compressed against the water-permeable belt in any possible direction (ie, up, down, left, right, etc.), although the vertical downward direction, ie the same direction as that of gravity, the particular is preferred.
In certain specific embodiments of the methods of the invention, the step of removing excess water from the fiber cement suspension by suction through the water-permeable conveyor belt takes place in at least two, such as at least three consecutive zones of the belt, which zones are characterized by undergoing various suppressions.
In specific embodiments, the dewatering of the fiber cement suspension takes place in at least two zones with different underpressures. The more subdivisions or zones are created, the more the extraction distribution can be optimized for different criteria (minimum energy consumption of the pumps, shortest possible dewatering zones, smallest possible screen voltage).
The absolute length of each of the zones with different underpressures is not critical. At a given length of the dewatering zone, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the speed of the belt and / or underpressure can be suitably adjusted to ensure a sufficient degree of dewatering.
In specific embodiments, the absolute length of each of the zones with different underpressure is at least identical to the absolute length of the fiber cement plate to be produced.
The lengths of the different zones that are exposed to different underpressures relative to each other are not critical as long as the fiber cement suspension has a composition that is sufficiently permeable. Thus, in certain embodiments, the individual zones with different underpressures are each approximately the same length.
In other specific embodiments, in the case of a fiber cement slurry that is not sufficiently permeable and when two dewatering zones are present, the first zone (with the lowest underpressure) must be at least twice as long as the second zone (with the highest underpressure) .
In yet other specific embodiments, in the case of a fiber cement suspension which is not sufficiently permeable and when three dewatering zones are present, the first zone (with the lowest underpressure) must be at least as long as the other two zones together (with intermediate and highest underpressure).
In specific embodiments, the step of removing excess water from the fiber cement slurry by suction through the water permeable conveyor belt takes place in at least two consecutive zones of the belt, the negative pressure of a first zone varying between approximately 15 mbar and approximately 65 mbar and in a second zone varies between approximately 65 mbar and approximately 200 mbar.
In further specific embodiments, the step of removing excess water from the fiber cement suspension by suction through the water-permeable conveyor belt takes place in at least three consecutive zones of the belt, the negative pressure of a first zone varying between approximately 15 mbar and approximately 65 mbar, in a second zone varies between approximately 65 mbar and approximately 200 mbar, and in a third zone between approximately 200 mbar to approximately 550 mbar.
In yet other specific embodiments, the step of removing excess water from the fiber cement suspension by suction through the water-permeable conveyor belt takes place in at least four consecutive zones of the belt, the negative pressure of a first zone varying between approximately 15 mbar and approximately 65 mbar, in a second zone varies between approximately 65 mbar and approximately 200 mbar, in a third zone between approximately 200 mbar and 600 mbar, and in a fourth zone between approximately 660 mbar and 850 mbar.
In still other special embodiments, the step of removing excess water from the fiber cement suspension by suction through the water permeable conveyor belt takes place in at least four, such as at least five, such as up to at least six consecutive zones of the belt with different increasing underpressures .
In yet other specific embodiments of the methods of the invention, the newly deposited fiber cement suspension layer is first subjected to a first zone on the water-permeable conveyor belt, which is characterized by an underpressure between about 15 and about 65 mbar, and then subjected to a second zone on the water-permeable conveyor belt, which is characterized by an underpressure between about 65 and about 200 mbar, and finally subjected to a third zone on the water-permeable conveyor belt characterized by an underpressure between about 200 and about 550 mbar, in this particular order.
The present inventors have found that, by subjecting the product in preparation to this specific combination of consecutive zones with increased underpressure, an optimum dewatering of the fiber cement plate can be achieved. In fact, if the fiber cement suspension layer is subjected to only one underpressure zone, then the underpressure is either too low to have an optimum dewatering effect, or too high, which usually causes unwanted cracks, bubbles and wrinkles in the fiber cement plate. The inventors have now found that by creating a gradient of increasing underpressure, the product is slowly and carefully exposed to increasing underpressures, thereby preventing damage to the end product, while sufficient dewatering can still take place.
It will be understood that the methods of the invention will also have the same beneficial effects when more than three consecutive underpressure zones are used, as long as the underpressures increase in the machine direction (ie in the production direction), thereby ensuring that the product is gradually subjected to a low negative pressure (ie at least 20 mbar) to a high negative pressure (ie at most 900 mbar).
In further specific embodiments, the step of removing excess water from the slurry through the water permeable conveyor belt is performed by suction as described above, followed by the application of mechanical force. In yet other specific embodiments, the step of removing excess water from the slurry through said water-permeable conveyor belt is performed by suction as described above, followed by applying mechanical force by means of one or more mechanical hand press and / or printing plates. The pressure of the mechanical hand press can be between approximately 10 kg / cm and approximately 50 kg / cm.
In further specific embodiments, the methods of the present invention may include the additional but optional step of smoothing or smoothing the surface of the produced fiber cement layer. This step can for instance be carried out by means of a mechanical hand press. Alternatively or additionally, the smoothing of the surface of the produced fiber cement plates can be carried out, for example, by means of one or more oscillating rods that move transversely to the direction of movement of the conveyor belt. For example, in these embodiments, the oscillation may have an amplitude in the range between about 1 cm and about 5 cm, a frequency of about 5 Hz to about 20 Hz, and a line contact pressure between about 3 N / cm to about 20 N / cm. With such an aid, the surface of the plate can be further smoothed out.
The methods of the present invention may further include the step of cutting the fiber cement layer obtained in step (c) to a predetermined length to form a fiber cement plate. Cutting the fiber cement sheet to a predetermined length can be performed by any technique known in the art, such as, but not limited to, water jet cutting, air jet cutting or the like. The fiber cement slabs can be cut to any desired length, such as, but not limited to, a length of between about 1 m and about 15 m, such as between about 1 m and about 10 m, more particularly between about 1 m and approximately 5 m, in particular between approximately 1 m and approximately 3 m.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the methods of the present invention may further comprise additional steps of processing the produced fiber cement plates.
For example, in certain specific embodiments, during the methods of the present invention, the fiber cement slurry and / or the fiber cement plates may undergo various intermediate treatments, such as but not limited to treatment with one or more hydrophobic agents, treatment with one or more flocculants, additional or intermediate pressing steps, etc.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such intermediate processing steps can be introduced into the methods of the invention at any stage, ie before, during and / or after the step of feeding the fiber cement suspension to the conveyor belt and / or before, during and / or after the step of removing excess water from the fiber cement suspension.
Once the fiber cement plate has been formed, it is trimmed at the lateral edges. The edge strips can optionally be recycled via direct mixing with the recovered water and by re-conducting the mixture in the mixing system.
In specific embodiments of the present invention, after the step of removing excess water from the fiber cement slurry, the methods of the present invention may further include the step of producing a corrugated fiber cement plate from the obtained fiber cement plate. For example, in these embodiments, the step of producing the corrugated fiber cement plate may include at least the step of transferring the resulting fiber cement plate to a corrugated plate mold to form a corrugated fiber cement plate. However, other techniques for producing corrugated sheets from flat sheets are known to those skilled in the art and can also be used in combination with the methods of the present invention to obtain corrugated fiber cement sheets.
In specific embodiments, the methods of the invention may further comprise the step of curing the obtained fiber cement plates. Indeed, after production, the fiber cement products can be cured for a time in the environment in which they were formed, or alternatively subjected to thermal curing (i.e. with the help of an autoclave or the like).
In further specific embodiments, the "green" fiber cement is cured, typically by air curing (air-cured fiber cement products) or under pressure in the presence of steam and elevated temperature (autoclave-cured). For autoclave-cured products, typically sand is added to the original fiber cement suspension. The autoclave curing results in principle in the presence of 11.3 Â (angstrom) Tobermorite in the fiber cement product.
In still other specific embodiments, the "green" fiber cement plate can first be cured in air, after which the cured product is further air cured until it has obtained its final strength, or autoclaved with pressure and steam, to be the product give final properties.
In specific embodiments of the present invention, the methods may further comprise the step of thermally drying the obtained fiber cement plates. After curing, the fiber cement product, being a panel, foil or plate, can still comprise a considerable amount of water present as moisture. This can be as high as 10 and even 15% by weight, expressed as weight of the dry product. The weight of the dry product is defined as the weight of the product when the product is subjected to drying at 105 ° C in a ventilated oven until a constant weight is obtained.
In certain embodiments, the fiber cement product is dried. Such drying is preferably carried out by air drying and is terminated when the weight percentage of moisture of the fiber cement product is less than or equal to 8 weight%, even less than or equal to 6 weight%, expressed per weight of dry product, and most preferably between 4% by weight and 6% by weight, inclusive.
Referring to Figure 1, one specific embodiment of the presently discussed method is schematically illustrated. According to the illustrated embodiment, a cementitious suspension composition consisting essentially of fibers, cement, and water is continuously supplied on a water-permeable belt (1) using a flow-on distributor (4), ie with a continuous flow (5) of the fiber cement composition is produced.
After the flow-on distributor (4) has provided a layer of suspension immediately on top of the belt (1), excess water is removed from the formed fiber cement layer by means of three consecutive installed vacuum boxes (pumps (3)), each with different underpressures increasing in the machine direction (arrow (10)).
Subsequently, additional excess water is then removed from the formed fiber cement layer by the mechanical hand press (2) to form a fiber cement plate with a predetermined and accurate thickness and density.
Figure 2 illustrates another specific embodiment of the present invention. According to this embodiment, a cementitious suspension composition consisting essentially of fibers, cement and water is continuously supplied on a water-permeable belt (1) by means of a flow-on distribution device (4), ie wherein a continuous flow (5) of the fiber cement composition is being produced.
After the flow-on distribution device (4) has provided a layer of suspension immediately on top of the belt (1), excess water is removed from the formed fiber cement layer by means of a combination of the mechanical hand press (2) installed above the water permeable belt, and three vacuum boxes (pumps (3)) installed one after the other, installed under the tire. The vacuum pumps preferably have different underpressures that increase in the machine direction (arrow (10)).
In this way a fiber cement plate with a predetermined and accurate thickness and density is formed.
Figure 3 illustrates yet another specific embodiment of the present invention. According to this embodiment, a cementitious suspension composition consisting essentially of fibers, cement and water is continuously supplied on a water-permeable belt (1) using a flow-on distribution device (4), ie producing a continuous stream (5) of fiber cement composition .
After the flow-on distribution device (4) has provided a layer of suspension immediately on top of the belt (1), excess water is removed from the formed fiber cement layer by means of three successively installed vacuum boxes (pumps (3)), each with different underpressures that increase in the machine direction (arrow (10)).
Subsequently, additional excess water is then removed from the formed fiber cement layer by a combination of a mechanical hand press (2) installed above the water permeable belt, and three vacuum boxes (pumps (3)) installed one behind the other, installed below the belt.
In this way a fiber cement plate with a predetermined and accurate thickness and density is formed.
Referring to Figure 4, which illustrates yet another specific embodiment of the method described herein, a cementitious suspension composition consisting essentially of fibers, cement and water is continuously supplied on a water-permeable belt (1) by means of a spatter (ie brush-like) distributing device (6), ie continuously producing droplets (7) of the fiber cement composition.
After the splash dispenser (6) has provided a layer of suspension immediately on top of the belt (1), excess water is removed from the formed fiber cement layer by means of three vacuum boxes (pumps (3)) installed one after the other, each with different underpressures increasing in the machine direction (arrow (10)).
Then additional excess water is then removed from the formed fiber cement layer by the mechanical hand press (2) to form a fiber cement plate with a predetermined and accurate thickness and density.
Figure 5 illustrates another specific embodiment of the method described here. A cementitious suspension composition consisting essentially of fibers, cement and water is continuously supplied on a water-permeable belt (1) by means of a spray distributing device (8), i.e. producing a continuous spraying row (9) of the fiber cement composition.
After the spray distributing device (8) has provided a layer of suspension immediately on top of the belt (1), excess water is removed from the formed fiber cement layer by means of three vacuum boxes (pumps (3)) installed one after the other, each with different underpressures increasing in the machine direction (arrow (10)).
Then additional excess water is then removed from the formed fiber cement layer by the mechanical hand press (2) to form a fiber cement plate with a predetermined and accurate thickness and density.
Referring to Figure 6, one further specific embodiment of the presently discussed method is schematically illustrated. According to the illustrated embodiment, two different cementitious suspension compositions (A) and (B) consisting essentially of fibers, cement and water are supplied, the fiber content of the fiber cement composition (A) being different from the fiber content of the fiber cement composition (B).
Fiber cement composition (A) is continuously supplied to the belt (1) by means of a flow-on distribution device (4), i.e. where a continuous stream (5) of fiber cement composition (A) is produced.
After the flow-on distribution device (4) has provided a layer of suspension (a) immediately on top of the belt (1), excess water is removed from the formed fiber cement layer by means of three successively installed vacuum boxes (pumps (3)), each with various underpressures that increase in the machine direction (arrow (10)).
Subsequently, fiber cement composition (B) is continuously supplied to the belt (1) by means of a brush-like distribution device (6), which continuously and randomly drops drops (7) of fiber cement suspension (B) in the direction of the surface of the water-permeable conveyor belt (1) on top of the previously supplied layer of suspension (A).
Excess water is then removed from the multilayer fiber cement layer formed by mechanically compressing the multilayer plate to form a multilayer fiber cement plate with a predetermined precise thickness and density.
Thus, the one or more dosing systems, as installed in the present embodiment, are used to form a multi-layer fiber cement plate consisting of a first layer with a composition (A) and a second layer with a composition (B), thereby producing a so-called two-layer fiber cement plate is becoming.
It is clear that the present invention also contemplates, in an analogous manner as indicated in Figure 6, to provide three or more different cementitious suspension compositions, such as, for example, three fiber cement compositions (A), (B) and (C) which are substantially consist of fibers, cement and water, the fiber content of fiber cement compositions (A), (B) and (C) being different from each other.
First, fiber cement composition (A) can be supplied continuously to the belt (1) by means of a brush-like distribution device (6), which continuously and randomly drops (7) fiber cement suspension (a) towards the surface of the water-permeable conveyor belt (1) splash.
After the splash dispenser (6) has provided a layer of suspension (A) directly on top of the belt (1), excess water can be removed from the formed fiber cement layer by means of a mechanical hand press.
Subsequently, fiber cement composition (B) can be supplied continuously to the belt (1) by means of a flow-on distribution device (4), ie a continuous stream (5) of fiber cement composition (b) is produced on top of the previously supplied layer of suspension (A) .
Excess water can then be removed from the formed multi-layer fiber cement layer by means of three vacuum boxes (pumps (3)) installed one after the other, each with different underpressures increasing in the machine direction (arrow (10)).
After the flow-on distribution device (4) has provided a layer of suspension (B) on top of the previously splashed layer A, fiber cement composition (C) can be continuously supplied to the belt (1) by means of another flow-on device, or a another brush-like distribution device, or a spraying device, which continuously and randomly produces, respectively, a stream, spray rain or spray rain of a fiber cement suspension (C) on the previously formed double layer (AB).
Excess water can be removed from the formed two-layer fiber cement layer (A-B) by mechanical pressing of the multilayer plate to form a multilayer fiber cement plate with a predetermined and accurate thickness and density. Thus, in the embodiments described above, the one or more distribution systems are used to form a multi-layer fiber cement plate consisting of two, three or more layers, depending on the design or format of the desired plate, thereby forming a two-layer or multi-layer fiber cement plate.
In addition, a spray system can be applied at the end of the production line to provide the multi-layered fiber cement plate formed with a coating with a hydrophobic agent.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides fiber cement sheets obtainable by the methods of the invention as described in detail herein.
In the context of the present invention, fiber cement products or sheets are understood to be cementitious products comprising cement and synthetic (and optionally natural) fibers. The fiber cement products are made from a fiber cement suspension, which is formed in a so-called "green" fiber cement product, and then cured. Slightly dependent on the curing process used, the fiber cement suspension typically comprises water, process or reinforcement fibers that are synthetic organic fibers (and optionally also natural organic fibers such as cellulose), cement (e.g., Portland cement), limestone, chalk, quicklime, slaked or hydrated lime, crushed sand, silica sand powder, quartz powder, amorphous silica, condensed silica vapors, microsilica, kaolin, metakaolin, wollastonite, mica, perlite, vermiculite, aluminum hydroxide (ATH), pigments, anti-foaming agents, flocculants, and / or other additives. Optionally, dyes (e.g. pigments) are added to obtain a fiber cement product that is supposedly dyed through in the mass.
In specific embodiments, the fiber cement sheets, obtainable by the methods of the invention, have a predetermined thickness of at least about 3 mm, because otherwise the losses of solids will greatly increase with the desired water increase. In more specific embodiments, the fiber cement sheets obtainable by the methods of the invention have a predetermined thickness of between about 8 mm and about 200 mm, such as between about 10 mm and about 200 mm.
The thickness of the dewatered layer (which must correspond to the predetermined thickness) is the control value for the amount of material supplied per unit of time. In specific embodiments, the thickness of the dewatered layer can be measured. This can be done, for example, by means of a contact lens profile measurement. The evaluation thereof also allows an adaptation of the device for distributing the suspension over the width of the conveyor belt.
The fiber cement products or sheets as described herein include roofing or wall cladding products made of fiber cement, such as fiber cement cladding, fiber cement sheets, flat fiber cement sheets, corrugated fiber cement sheets and the like. According to certain embodiments, the fiber cement products according to the invention can be roof or facade elements, flat plates or corrugated plates.
According to further special embodiments, the fiber cement products according to the present invention are fiber cement plates, in particular fiber cement corrugated plates.
The fiber cement products of the present invention contain from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, such as in particular from about 0.5 to about 4% by weight of fibers, such as more particularly between about 1 to 3% by weight of fibers relative to the total weight of the fiber cement product.
In certain embodiments, the fiber cement products of the invention are characterized in that these fibers are selected from the group consisting of cellulose fibers or other inorganic or organic reinforcing fibers in a weight% of from about 0.1 to about 5. In certain embodiments, the organic fibers are selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile fibers, polyethylene, cellulose fibers (such as wood or kraft pellets), polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, aramid fibers and carbon fibers. In further specific embodiments, the inorganic fibers are selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, rock wool fibers, slag wool fibers, wollastonite fibers, ceramic fibers and the like. In further specific embodiments, the fiber cement products of the present invention may include fibrillation fibers, such as, for example, but not limited to, polyolefin fibrillation fibers in a weight% of about 0.1 to 3, such as "synthetic wood pulp."
In certain specific embodiments, the fiber cement products of the present invention comprise 20 to 95 weight percent cement as a hydraulic binder. Cement in the products of the invention is selected from the group consisting of Portland cement, high alumina cement, Portland cement of iron, trascement, slag cement, gypsum, calcium silicates formed by autoclave treatment and combinations of specific binders. In more specific embodiments, the cement in the products of the invention is Portland cement.
According to certain embodiments, the fiber cement products according to the invention optionally comprise further components. These further components in the fiber cement products of the present invention can be selected from the group consisting of water, sand, silica sand powder, condensed silica vapors, microsilica, fly ash, amorphous silica, ground quartz, ground rock, clays, pigments, kaolin, metakaolin, blast furnace slag , carbonates, puzzolanas, aluminum hydroxide, wollastonite, mica, perlite, calcium carbonate and other additives (for example, as colorants) etc. It will be appreciated that each of these components is present in suitable amounts depending on the type of specific fiber cement product and can be determined. by the skilled person. In specific embodiments, the total amount of these further components is preferably less than 70% by weight, relative to the total initial dry weight of the composition.
Further additives that may be present in the fiber cement products of the present invention are selected from the group consisting of dispersants, plasticizers, anti-foaming agents, and flocculants. The total amount of additives is preferably between about 0.1 and about 1% by weight, relative to the total initial dry weight of the composition.
According to a third aspect, the present invention provides devices for the continuous production of fiber cement plates, the devices comprising at least: (i) one or more distribution devices connected to a fiber cement source for continuously supplying a fiber cement suspension on an endless water-permeable conveyor belt, and (ii) an endless water-permeable conveyor belt on which the suspension is supplied.
In specific embodiments, the devices of the present invention may further comprise at least one dewatering device that is placed adjacent to or adjacent to the water permeable belt to obtain, facilitate, and / or accelerate the removal of excess water from the fiber cement slurry wherein a fiber cement plate of a predetermined thickness is formed. In further specific embodiments, the at least one dewatering device disposed adjacent to the water permeable belt to obtain, facilitate and / or accelerate the removal of excess water from the fiber cement slurry is at least one mechanical dewatering device, such as, but not limited to, one or more mechanical hand presses and / or one or more extraction dewatering devices, such as, but not limited to, one or more vacuum pumps.
Thus, according to certain specific embodiments, the devices for the continuous production of fiber cement plates according to the present invention comprise at least: (i) one or more fiber cement suspension distribution devices connected to a fiber cement source for continuously supplying a fiber cement suspension on an endless water-permeable conveyor belt, ( ii) an endless water-permeable conveyor belt on which the slurry is supplied, and (iii) one or more dewatering devices installed adjacent to or near the water-permeable belt to obtain, facilitate and / or accelerate the removal of excess water from the fiber cement slurry thereby providing a fiber cement plate with a predetermined thickness.
According to further special embodiments, the devices for the continuous production of fiber cement sheets according to the present invention comprise at least: (i) one or more units, known per se; for the production and / or delivery of a fiber cement suspension; (ii) one or more distribution devices, connected to a fiber cement source, for continuously feeding a fiber cement suspension on an endless water-permeable conveyor belt, (iii) an endless water-permeable conveyor belt on which the suspension is supplied, and (iv) one or more dewatering devices installed in addition to or near the water permeable belt to obtain, facilitate and / or accelerate the removal of excess water from the fiber cement slurry, thereby forming a fiber cement plate of a predetermined thickness.
According to a particular embodiment, as described in Figures 1 to 6, a device according to the invention for carrying out the methods described herein comprises: - a unit, known per se, for the production and / or delivery of a fiber cement suspension; - a continuous mixer for fiber cement suspension, known per se; - a distribution device for a fiber cement suspension (4), (6) and / or (8) for supplying fiber cement suspension; - a water-permeable conveyor belt (1) - a mechanical dewatering device (2); - at least two, such as at least three, dewatering extraction devices (3), arranged under the water-permeable belt, driven with different underpressures; - optionally a device for assisting compaction, smoothing and / or leveling the surface of the formed fiber cement plate; - one or more units, known per se, for trimming, cutting, setting, drying, optionally impregnating, stacking and packaging the plates.
The fiber cement suspension is produced or provided in a unit as shown in Figures 1 to 6. From the mixing device (as shown in Figures 1 to 6) the fiber cement suspension is loaded onto the water-permeable sieve belt (1) via a dispenser (4), (6) and / or (8). It is dewatered on the dewatering extraction devices (3) in three zones with different increasing pressures. At the same time or additionally a mechanical hand press (2) is switched on, so that the water can be further expelled, but it can also only smooth the surface. Optionally, the pressing and / or suction devices can be eliminated, so that dewatering only takes place by gravity.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides the use of the fiber cement products and fiber cement sheets obtainable with the methods and devices of the present invention in the construction sector. In specific embodiments, the fiber cement sheets produced by the methods of the present invention can be used to provide an outer surface of walls to walls, both internally and externally of a building or structure, e.g. as a façade panel, cladding, etc.
The invention will now be further explained with reference to the following Examples. It will be appreciated that, although preferred embodiments and / or materials for providing embodiments of the present invention have been discussed, various modifications or changes may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention.
EXAMPLES
It will be understood that the following examples, given by way of illustration, are not to be construed as limiting the scope of this invention. Although only a few exemplary embodiments of the invention have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will immediately understand that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are considered to fall within the scope of this invention as defined in the following claims and all equivalents thereof. It is further recognized that many embodiments can be envisaged that cannot achieve all the advantages of some embodiments, but the absence of a specific advantage will not be interpreted to necessarily mean that such an embodiment will be outside the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: Production of fiber cement plates according to the methods of the invention Single-layer fiber cement plates were produced using the methods of the present invention. A fiber cement suspension composition was prepared consisting essentially of Portland cement, water, and about 5% cellulose fibers (percentage of the total weight of the suspension) by continuously mixing at least fibers, cement, and water in a container.
The predetermined density was set to approximately 0.55.
The prepared cementitious fiber suspension was continuously supplied on an endless water-permeable conveyor belt using a flow-on distribution system to produce a continuous flow of the fiber cement suspension on a water-permeable felt conveyor.
Excess water was removed from the suspension through the water-permeable conveyor belt by suction, thereby increasing the density of the fiber cement layer. More specifically, three consecutive vacuum pumps with increasing underpressures between about 15 and about 65 mbar, between about 65 and about 200 mbar and between about 200 and about 550 mbar, respectively, installed under the water permeable belt, were used to remove the excess water from the fiber cement layer to be removed by suction.
In addition, a mechanical press was used to press the remaining water from the pores and channels into the fiber cement structure and thereby increase its density.
The resulting fiber cement layer was trimmed to a predetermined length of about 1.30 m to form a fiber cement plate using a water jet cutter.
The formed fiber cement plate was trimmed at the side edges and autoclaved. The fiber cement sheets formed were analyzed for their different mechanical and physical properties (see Table 1).
Table 1
Conclusion
The results clearly show that the methods of the present invention allow to produce fiber cement sheets with a predetermined and accurate density and thickness, which until now was not possible with known "non-Hatschek" methods.
Indeed, the obtained density of the plates using the same method (ie with a predetermined density of about 0.55) led to an average density of about 0.56 kg / dm 3, which revealed the possibility of accurately pre-determining the density of the plates to be produced by the methods of the invention.
Furthermore, Table 1 shows that the thicknesses of the plates have remained relatively constant in this tuning process.
Finally, strength, modulus, and thermal shrinkage remained well within the generally accepted ranges as known to those skilled in the art.
Accordingly, the present inventors have developed a method that permits the production of monolithic fiber cement sheets with sufficient strength in all directions and with the desired predetermined density, length and thickness.

权利要求:
Claims (15)
[1]
CONCLUSIONS
A method for the production of a fiber cement sheet, comprising at least the steps of: (a) providing a cementitious fiber suspension comprising at least fibers, cement and water, (b) continuously supplying said cementitious fiber suspension to an endless water permeable conveyor belt, (c) removing excess water from said cementitious fiber slurry through said water permeable conveyor belt by suction, to form a fiber cement plate of a predetermined thickness.
[2]
The method according to claim 1, wherein the removal of excess water from said suspension by suction through said water-permeable conveyor belt takes place in at least three consecutive zones with different underpressure.
[3]
The method of claim 2, wherein the underpressure of a first of said zones varies between about 15 and about 65 mbar, in a second of said zones between about 65 and about 200 mbar and in a third of said zones between about 200 to approximately 550 mbar.
[4]
The method according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the removal of excess water from said suspension by suction through said water-permeable conveyor belt takes place in at least four consecutive zones, wherein the negative pressure of a first of said zones varies between approximately 15 and about 65 mbar, in a second of said zones between about 65 and about 200 mbar, in a third of said zones between about 200 to about 550 mbar, and in a fourth of said zones between about 550 mbar and about 850 mbar.
[5]
The method according to claims 1 to 4, wherein step (c) of removing excess water from said cementitious fiber slurry through said water-permeable conveyor belt is additionally carried out by applying mechanical force.
[6]
The method of claim 5, wherein the step of removing excess water from said cementitious fiber slurry by applying mechanical force is performed by means of a mechanical hand press.
[7]
The method according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein step (b) of continuously feeding the suspension on an endless water-permeable conveyor belt is carried out at least by means of one or more flow-on systems through which said suspension is continuously supplied on the tape.
[8]
The method according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein step (b) of continuously feeding the suspension on an endless water-permeable conveyor belt is carried out by means of one or more brush-like dosing systems, through which said suspension is continuously and randomly splashed on the band.
[9]
The method according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein step (b) of continuously feeding the suspension on an endless water-permeable conveyor belt is carried out by means of one or more spraying systems, through which said suspension is sprayed continuously and randomly on the band.
[10]
The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising the step of spraying a hydrophobic substance onto the supplied fiber cement suspension and / or onto the obtained fiber cement plate.
[11]
The method of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the predetermined thickness of the dewatered fiber cement plate varies between about 8 mm and about 200 mm
[12]
A fiber cement plate obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
[13]
Device for the continuous production of fiber cement plates, comprising at least: (i) one or more dosing systems, connected to a fiber cement source, for continuously supplying a fiber cement suspension on an endless water-permeable conveyor belt, (ii) an endless water-permeable conveyor belt on which the fiber cement suspension and (iii) one or more devices installed adjacent or near the water permeable belt to obtain, facilitate and / or accelerate the removal of excess water from the fiber cement slurry thereby forming a fiber cement plate of a predetermined thickness.
[14]
The device of claim 13, wherein said one or more devices disposed adjacent to or adjacent to the water permeable belt are one or more mechanical hand presses and / or one or more vacuum pumps.
[15]
The device according to claim 13 or 14, wherein said one or more dosing systems are one or more flow-on systems through which said suspension is continuously supplied to the belt and / or one or more brush-like dosing systems, through which said suspension is continuously and randomly supplied on the tire is splashed, and / or one or more spray systems, through which the suspension is sprayed continuously and randomly onto the tire.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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PH12017501142A1|2018-03-05|

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GT201700141A|2018-11-12|

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KR20170128401A|2017-11-22|

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WO2016142243A1|2016-09-15|

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BR112017014306A2|2018-01-02|

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AU2016231368A1|2017-07-13|

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CA2973314A1|2016-09-15|

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EP3268193A1|2018-01-17|

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RU2017128902A|2019-02-14|

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CL2017002200A1|2018-06-01|

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RU2017128902A3|2019-06-24|

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US20180036908A1|2018-02-08|

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BE1023613A1|2017-05-16|

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CN107428026A|2017-12-01|

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NI201700083A|2017-07-18|

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PE20171118A1|2017-08-07|

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EP3067177A1|2016-09-14|

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CO2017005864A2|2017-08-31|

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MX2017009088A|2017-11-23|

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JP2018515357A|2018-06-14|

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MA50741A|2020-09-23|

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AR104669A1|2017-08-09|

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ECSP17066810A|2018-02-28|

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SG11201704884XA|2017-07-28|

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法律状态:
2018-01-31| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20170516 |

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2018-01-31| HC| Change of name of the owners|Owner name: ETERNIT NV; BE Free format text: DETAILS ASSIGNMENT: CHANGE OF OWNER(S), CHANGEMENT NOM PROPRIETAIRE; FORMER OWNER NAME: ETERNIT NV Effective date: 20170825 |

优先权:

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EP15158218.6A|EP3067177A1|2015-03-09|2015-03-09|Process and apparatus for making a fiber cement sheet|

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EP15158218.6|2015-03-09|

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